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2.
Bol. micol. (Valparaiso En linea) ; 37(1): 2-8, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396937

ABSTRACT

Introducción: C. albicans es reconocida como la especie más virulenta del género y representa la causa más frecuente de candidiasis en humanos. A nivel taxonómico, C.albicans se clasifica como un complejo de especies estrechamente relacionadas que incluye a C. albicans sensu stricto (s.s), C. dubliniensis y C. africana. Objetivo: identificar las especies del complejo C. albicans aisladas desde distintas muestras de pacientes de la quinta región de Valparaíso. Materiales y método: Se identificaron 103 cepas del complejo C. albicans, aisladas desde muestras superficiales y profundas durante el año 2020. La identificación se realizó en base a morfofisiología y la amplificación del gen HWP1. Resultados: Se identificaron 100 cepas como C. albicans s.s, 2 como C. dubliniensis y 1 como C. africana. Dentro de las cepas identificadas como C. albicans s.s se observaron cuatro patrones de tamaños de fragmentos genéticos. Conclusiones: C. albicans s.s fue la especie más frecuente y en base al genotipo de HPW1 se describen cuatro patrones ( H1 a H4). (AU)


Introduction: C. albicans is recognized as the most virulent species of the genus and represents the major cause of candidiasis in humans. At the taxonomic level, C. albicansis classified as a complex of closely related species that includes C. albicans sensu stricto (s.s), C. dubliniensis, and C. africana. Objective: to identify the species of the C. albicans complex isolated from different samples of patients from the fifth region of Valparaíso. Materials and method: 103 strains of the C. albicans complex were identified, isolated from superficial and deep samples during the year 2020. The identification was carried out based on morphophysiology and the amplification of the HWP1 gene. Results: 100 strains were identified as C. albicans s.s, 2 as C. dubliniensis and 1 as C. africana. Within the strains identified as C. albicans s.s, 4 patterns of fragment sizes were observed. Conclusions: C. albicans s.s was the most frequent species and based on the HPW1 genotype, four patterns are described (H1 to H4).(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/genetics , Candida albicans/classification , Chile , Prospective Studies , Genotype
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(2): 124-128, abr. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126098

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones por levaduras del género Cryptococcus afectan principalmente a pacientes con déficit de la inmunidad mediada por células. Han sido escasos los estudios de sensibilidad realizados para este género en Chile. Objetivos: Determinar la sensibilidad in vitro de Cryptococcus sp a antifúngicos de uso habitual y evaluar la concordancia esencial entre sensibilidad determinada por microdilución en caldo y por difusión en agar con tiras comerciales. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo de 21 cepas aisladas desde liquido céfalo-raquídeo y sangre. Las CIM50 y CIM90 para fluconazol, voriconazol y anfotericina B se determinaron por microdilución en caldo (Sensititre Yeast One®) y por difusión en agar con tiras comerciales (MIC Test Strips). Resultados: Todas las cepas correspondieron a C. neoformans. Los rangos de CIM50 y CIM90 para cada antifúngico estudiado fueron amplios por ambos métodos. La concordancia esencial entre microdilución y difusión en agar con tiras comerciales fue de 24, 62 y 29% para fluconazol, voriconazol y anfotericina B, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La prueba de Sensititre Yeast One® y la de difusión en agar con tiras comerciales, MIC Test Strips, tienen una pobre concordancia esencial para fluconazol y anfotericina B.


Abstract Background: Cryptococcus yeast infections primarily affect immunocompromised patients. There have been few susceptibility studies conducted for this genus in Chile. Aims: To determine the in vitro susceptibility to commonly used antifungals and evaluate the concordance between susceptibility determined by microdilution in broth and commercially available strips. Methods: Descriptive study of 21 Cryptococcus strains, isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood. The MIC50 and MIC90 for fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B was determined by broth microdilution (Sensititre Yeast One®) and by commercial drug sensitivity strips (MIC Test Strips). Results: All strains corresponded to C. neoformans. The ranges of MIC50 and MIC90 for each antifungal studied were wide by both methods. The essential agreement between Sensititre Yeast One test and strips was 24, 62 and 29% for fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B, respectively. Conclusions: The Sensititre Yeast One test and MIC Test Strips exhibited poor essential concordance, especially for fluconazole and amphotericin B.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cryptococcosis , Cryptococcus neoformans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Fluconazole , Chile , Antifungal Agents
4.
Bol. micol. (Valparaiso En linea) ; 28(1): 26-30, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-684295

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso de onicomicosis de mano, de la cual se aisló en repetidas ocasiones Sporothrix pallida y Trichophyton rubrum. Se discute sobre los principales agentes de onicomicosis, el rol de los hon- gos ambientales y del aislamiento de S.pallida en este y en otro tipo de muestras.


It reports a case of hand onychomycosis, which was isolated repeatedly Sporothrix pallida and Trichophyton rubrum. We discuss the main agents of onychomycosis, the role of the environmental fungi and S.pallida isolation in this and other samples.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Nails , Onychomycosis , Sporothrix/isolation & purification , Sporothrix/growth & development , Sporothrix/physiology , Sporothrix/pathogenicity , Trichophyton/isolation & purification , Trichophyton/growth & development , Trichophyton/pathogenicity
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(5): 595-601, mayo 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-648585

ABSTRACT

Background: The frequency of pulmonary mycoses has increased in the past few years specially in immunocompromised patients. Aim: To determine the frequency of invasive fungal diseases by analyzing lung secretion samples. Material and Methods: Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) tracheal aspiration (TA) and induced sputum (IS) were obtained from patients of five hospitals in the Valparaíso Region for the diagnosis of invasive or non-invasive fungal disease, and pneumocystis (PCP), in the period 2007-2010. Clinical data of patients was obtained reviewing medical records or interviewing attending physicians. The diagnosis considered the clinical condition of the patient (immunocompromised or prior lung damage), computed tomography imaging, direct microscopy and cultures. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria was used for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases. Results: Ninety respiratory samples were received and 39 fungal infections were diagnosed. Eleven were probably invasive, seven were non-invasive and 21 were PCP. All patients with probable invasive disease had neutropenia. Most patients with non-invasive infections had bronchiectasis. Aspergillus fumigatus was the main causing agent in both invasive and non-invasive fungal diseases. Patients with PCP were mostly adults with AIDS and children with leukemia. The total mortality rate of patients with invasive fungal disease was of 73%. No deaths were recorded among patients with non-invasive disease. Among patients with PCP, three of 11 HIV and six of 10 non HIV subjects died. Conclusions: Aspergillus fumigatus predominates both in invasive and non-invasive pulmonary mycoses. The former has a high mortality. PCP occurred mainly in adult patients with HIV-AIDS.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/classification , Chile/epidemiology , Immunocompromised Host , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology , Lung , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/epidemiology , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/microbiology
7.
Bol. micol ; 26(1): 29-34, dic. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-679644

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una búsqueda en base de datos Cabdirect bajo los términos ®Pneumocystis-stain¼ entre los años 1990 a 2010., revisándose 109 trabajos relacionados al diagnóstico y estudio de la neumocistosis. Las metodologías empleadas fueron clasificadas en 6 grupos según su frecuencia: Tinción con Gomori-Grocott; Giemsa; Azul de toluidina; Otras tinciones (pap, blanco de calcofluor, gram, may grunwald giemsa);además de inmunofluorescencia directa y PCR (en cualquiera de sus variantes). Se observó una constante en el empleo de las tinciones histológicas en ambas décadas, mayormente con las tinciones de Gomori-Grocott y Giemsa. Sin embargo y como es de esperar, aumenta en la segunda década la tendencia del diagnóstico a través de técnicas moleculares.


Was performed a database search Cabdirect under the terms "pneumonia-stain" between the years 1990 to 2010, 109 papers being revised, and study related to the diagnosis of pneumocystosis. The methodologies used were classified into six groups according to their frequency: Gomori-Grocott stain, Giemsa, toluidine blue, Other stains (pap, calcofluor white, Gram, May Grunwald Giemsa), in addition to direct immunofluorescence and PCR (in any of their variants). There was a constant in the use of histological stains in both decades, mostly with Gomori Grocott staining and Giemsa. However, as expected, increases in the second decade, the trend of diagnosis using molecular techniques.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coloring Agents , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/virology , Pneumocystis carinii
8.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(5): 404-409, oct. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603076

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Superficial mycoses are infections of the keratinous tissue caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and environmental fungi. Objectives: To identify the species of dermatophytes, yeasts and environmental fungi that cause superficial mycosis and analyze their differences by sex, age and location of the lesion, in patients from the region of Valparaiso, during 2007-2009. Materials and Methods: 1004 patients diagnosed with superficial mycoses were studied. All ages and both genera were included. The study was done using direct microscopic examination with 20 percent KOH and culture of the lesions. Fungi identification was mainly morphophysiological. Results: Of the 1004 patients studied, 609 were women and 87.7 percent was 15 years old or younger. Toenail onychomycosis was the most frequent lesion (58.1 percent), followed by tinea pedis and interdigitalis (16.3 percent). In patients younger than 8 years old, tinea capitis by Microsporum canis was the most common mycoses. Among dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum (78.9 percent) predominated in most locations, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (14.9 percent) and M. canis (5.4 percent). Candida spp. (95.4 percent) prevailed among the yeasts causing onychomycosis. There were 27 cases of toenail onychomycosis caused by environmental fungi, mainly Fusarium. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with national and international data, where T. rubrum is the predominant agent of dermatomycoses. We report the emergency of agents not described in Chile or Latin America in these infections.


Introducción: Las micosis superficiales son infecciones causadas por dermatofitos, levaduras y hongos ambientales en tejidos queratínicos. Objetivos: Conocer las especies de dermatofitos, levaduras y hongos ambientales que causan micosis superficiales, analizar sus diferencias según sexo, edad y localización en pacientes de la Región de Valparaíso durante el período 2007-2009. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron 1.004 pacientes de todas las edades, con diagnóstico de micosis superficiales. Se realizó examen microscópico directo con KOH al 20 por ciento y cultivos de las lesiones. La identificación de los hongos fue principalmente con morfo-fisiología. Resultados: De 1.004 pacientes evaluados, 609 fueron mujeres y 87,7 por ciento tenían sobre 15 años de edad. La onicomicosis de pie fue la lesión más frecuente (58,1 por ciento), seguida de tinea plantar e interdigital (16,3 por ciento). Bajo 8 años de edad, tinea capitis por Microsporum canis fue la lesión más frecuente. Entre los dermatofitos, Trichophyton rubrum (78,9 por ciento) predominó en la mayoría de las localizaciones, seguido por Trichophyton mentagrophytes (14,9 por ciento) y M. canis (5,4 por ciento). Entre las levaduras predominó Candida spp (95,4 por ciento) como causa de onicomicosis. Hubo 27 casos de onicomicosis de pies por hongos filamentosos ambientales, destacando por frecuencia el género Fusarium. Conclusiones: Los datos presentados coinciden en general con los trabajos nacionales e internacionales, donde T. rubrum predomina en la mayoría de las dermatomicosis. Destaca la aparición de agentes no descritos en Chile ni en Latinoamérica en este tipo de infecciones.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Age Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Prospective Studies , Sex Distribution
9.
Bol. micol ; 25: 37-41, dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-585725

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso clínico de pitiriasis versicolor por M. pachydermatis en una paciente de 11 años de edad, diagnosticado mediante clínica, morfofisiología y biología molecular. Malassezia pachydermatis es parte de la microbiota común de diversos mamíferos domésticos y animales salvajes. En éstos se reconoce como agente causal de dermatitis y otitis externa. En humanos se han descrito escasas infecciones ya sea superficiales como invasoras, lo que puede atribuirse a la difícil transmisión y adaptación a partir de los animales domésticos. Se comentan los aspectos biológicos y epidemiológicos de esta infección zoonótica.


A clinical case of pityriasis versicolor caused by M. pachydermatis in an 11 year old patient which was diagnosed by means of clinic, morphophysiology and molecular biology is presented. Malassezia pachydermatis is part of regular microbiota in several domestic mammals as well as wild animals. It is recognized as the causing agent of dermatitis and external otitis in the latter. As to human beings, superficial infections have rarely been given an invasive character what can be explained by the difficult transmission and adaptation coming from domestic animals. Biological and epidemiological aspects of this zoonotic infection are described.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Malassezia/isolation & purification , Malassezia/pathogenicity , Tinea Versicolor/diagnosis , Tinea Versicolor/epidemiology , Tinea Versicolor/history , Tinea Versicolor/microbiology , Tinea Versicolor/transmission
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